The Development and Future Trends of Blockchain Public Chain Ecosystem

The blockchain industry currently has numerous Layer-1 projects, including several mainstream public chains. Despite fierce competition, new L1 public chains continue to emerge, each with its own characteristics and advantages. It is widely expected in the industry that most Layer 1 projects, including Aptos and Sui, will adopt zkRollup technology based on zkEVM in the future, ultimately forming an Omnichain zkRollup ecosystem.

Emerging Public Blockchains and Move Smart Contract Language

In 2022, the most notable emerging public blockchains were Aptos and Sui, which are based on the Move smart contract language. These projects were initiated by former Meta (Facebook) Diem (Libra) project engineers, inheriting some features of Diem while innovating in terms of performance, programming languages, and mechanisms.

A prominent feature of the Move language is the redefinition of the "module structure," allowing for a concise modular definition of assets such as tokens, NFTs, and smart contracts through a single data module. This is something that the Ethereum EVM struggles to achieve. For example, the Move language's design based on resource methods fundamentally avoids the reentrancy attack issues that have long plagued the EVM ecosystem.

However, the success of public chains depends not only on technological innovation but also crucially on the activity and innovation of on-chain projects. Currently, although Aptos/Sui has advanced technology, its ecological construction still requires time. To attract more users and developers, these new public chains are also considering compatibility with the EVM ecosystem, especially by adopting advanced zkEVM-Based zkRollup technology.

zkEVM-based zkRollup Applications on the New Public Chain

In the long term, zkRollup is expected to become the most concise, high-security, and efficient scaling solution. Theoretically, zkRollup can be deployed on any network that can verify its proofs, including Aptos/Sui. The main advantages of establishing zkEVM-based zkRollup on these new public chains include:

1. Attract developers and users from the EVM ecosystem and lower migration costs.
2. Provide users with a more affordable and even seamless fee experience.
3. Provide interaction speed and user experience close to traditional applications.

Achieving this goal requires several key components:

• Sequencer: Receives transactions and executes them, generating execution records.
• zkProver: verifies execution records and generates zero-knowledge proofs.
• Smart Contracts: including Asset Custody Contracts, Proof Verification Contracts, and Governance Contracts.

The Vision of Omnichain zkRollup

With the formation of a multi-chain ecosystem in the Web3 network, the demand for cross-chain asset flow and interaction has become increasingly prominent. Traditional cross-chain bridge models face challenges in efficiency and complexity as the number of chains increases. Therefore, Omnichain zkRollup is regarded as an ideal solution for cross-chain and even full-chain applications.

Omnichain zkRollup is based on a universal zkEVM-based zkRollup, combined with full-chain interoperability protocols (such as LayerZero, HyperLane, etc.), which can achieve:

• Gather the liquidity of all Blockchain assets
• Play the role of the full-chain execution layer
• Ensure transaction correctness through zero-knowledge proofs
• Achieve security equivalent to the total sum of the entire blockchain.

This technology is expected to support a variety of application scenarios, such as fully decentralized exchanges, cross-chain GameFi, and SocialFi, bringing more innovative possibilities to the Blockchain ecosystem.